





t 






COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF 


UNION AGREEMENTS OF GENERAL AGENTS 
OF THE WAR SHIPPING ADMINISTRATION, COVERING 


UNLICENSED PERSONNEL ON DRY CARGO VESSELS 


AS OF 0CT03ER 1, 19^5 



Labor Agreements Division 
War Shipping Administration 

t# 













CONTENTS 



I 

II 

III 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

X 

XI 

XII 

XIII 

XIV 

XV 

XVI 
"XVII 

' XVIII 

XIX 

XX 


Preliminary statement . 

Identification key to agreements. 

Recognition of union as collective “bargaining agent 

No strikes--no lockouts . 

Automatic renewal of agreements . 


Amendments to agreements. 

Effective and expiration dates of agreements 

Grievance procedures. 

* 

Arbitration procedures. , . 

Hiring. 

Working Rules . 

Union representatives boarding ship .... 
Division of wages of absent members of crew 

Hours of work . 

Sea Watches -- Port Time. 

Overtime... 

Penalty Overtime. 


Allowances. . . . . 
Holidays Observed . 

Vacations . 

Explosives as cargo 



f 


3-4 

5-7 


8 

8 

9 

. 9-10 
. 10-11 
. il-l4 
. 14-17 
. 18-19 
. 10 
. 19-20 
. 20-22 
. 22-28 
. 28-31 
. 34-43 
. 43-46 
. 46-47 
. 47-48 
. 48-49 
.. 49-51 


XXI 


Penalty cargo . 

Special Wartime Provisions 


51-55 
































Tables of wage rates.♦.• • following 53 

Index following table 














COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 
of 

UNION AGREEMENTS OF GENERAL AGENTS 
OF THE WAR SHIPPING ADMINISTRATION, COVERING 
UNLICENSED PERSONNEL ON DRY CARGO VESSELS 

AS OF OCTOBER 1, 1945 

Of the 73 General Agents of the War Shipping Administration pre¬ 
sently operating dry cargo vessels in offshore trade under collective 
bargaining agreements, 49 General Agents have headquarters on the Atlantic 
and Gulf Coasts; and 27 General Agents have headquarters on the Pacific 
Coast. Three of the General Agents mentioned above not only operate 
from both East and West Coasts but also have separate collective 
bargaining agreements applicable to the respective coasts. 

The agreements discussed in this analysis may be placed in the 
following categories: 

1. The National Maritime Union has uniform agreements with 39 
East and Gulf Coast General Agents of the War Shipping Administration 
negotiated by the American Merchant Marine Institute but signed by the 
individual General Agent. The provisions of the National Maritime 
Union agreement cover the unlicensed personnel in all three depart¬ 
ments, (deck, engine and steward). 

2. The Pacific American Shipowners Association has agreements 
with the Sailors* Union of the Pacific representing deck personnel, 

Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders and Wipers* 

Association representing engine personnel, and Marine Cooks* and 

i 

Stewards* Association of the pacific Coast representing the steward»s 
department. All three of these master agreements are negotiated and 
signed by Pacific American Shipowners Association on behalf of its 
member companies, 27 in number in the offshore dry cargo trade. 


• 3 - 






3. Ten East Coast General Agents of the War Shipping Administration 
have individual agreements with the Seafarers' International Union. 

The provisions of the Seafarers' International Union agreements cover 
the unlicensed personnel in all departments, (deck, engine and steward). 

The Alaska Trade . The Sailors' Union of the Pacific, Pacific 
Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders and Wipers' Association and 
Marine Cooks' and Stewards' Association of the Pacific Coast agreements 
contain detailed provisions as to hours of work and working conditions 

in what is known as the Alaska trade, which are not made a subject of 

# 

analysis in this summary. Ships operating in this trade have had to 
meet conditions not common elsewhere, and special provisions have been 
worked out to meet these conditions. 

Passenger vessels . Most of the agreements considered in this 
summary contain provisions relating to passenger vessels as well as 
to dry cargo vessels or freighters. Such provisions are not made a 
subject of analysis in this summary. 







r } 


IDENTIFICATION KEY 

The numbers at the left "below are the code numbers by which the 
agreements are identified in the text of the analysis. 

1. All National Maritime Union agreements with various companies. 

(see list on p. 6) 

2. Sailors* Union of the Pacific agreement with Pacific American 

Shipowners Association. (see list on p, 7) 

3- Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders & Wipers* 
Association agreement with Pacific American Shipowners 
Association. (see list on p. 7) 

4. Marine Cooks* and Stewards* Association of the Pacific agreement 

with Pacific American Shipowners Association. (see list on p. 7) 

5. Seafarers* International Union of North America agreement with 

Alcoa Steamship Company. 

6. Seafarers* International Union of North America agreement with 

American Liberty Steamship Corporation. 

7. Seafarers* International Union of North America agreement with 

A. H. Bull and Company, Ltd. 

8. Seafarers* International Union of North America agreement with 

Eastern Steamship Lines, Inc. 

9. Seafarers* International Union of North America agreement with 

Mississippi Shipping Company, Inc. 

10. Seafarers* International Union of North America agreement with 

Overlakes Freight Corporation (offshore operations) 

11. Seafarers* International Union of North America agreement with 

Seas Shipping Company, Inc. 

12. Seafarers* International Union of North America agreement with 

Smith & Johnson. 

13. Seafarers* International Union of North America agreement with 

South Atlantic Steamship Line. 

i 

14. Seafarers* International Union of North America agreement with 

Waterman Steamship Agency, Ltd. 


- 5 - 




GENERAL AGENTS of the WAR SHIPPING ADMINISTRATION 
SIGNATORY to AGREEMENTS WITH the NATIONAL MARITIME 

UNION as of OCTOBER 1, 1945 




Agwilines, Inc. 

American Export Lines, Inc. 

American Foreign Steamship Corp. 

American South African Line, Inc. 

American West African Line, Inc. 

Black Diamond Steamship Corp. 

Blidberg Rothchild Co., Inc. 

Boland & Cornelius 

A. L. Burbank & Co., Ltd. 

Cosmopolitan Shipping Co. 

Dichmann, Wright & Pugh, Inc. 

Eastern Gas & Fuel Associates (Mystic s/s Div,) 

Fall River Navigation Company 

Grace Line, Inc. (East Coast Vessels) 

International Freighting Corp., Inc. 

Ishrandtsen Steamship Co., Inc. 

Luckehbach Steamship Co., Inc. (East Coast Vessels) 
Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., Inc. 

Marine Transport Lines, Inc. 

Merchants & Miners Transportation Co. 

Moore-McCormack Lines, Inc. (East Coast Vessels) 

R. A. Nicol & Co. 

North Atlantic Sc Gulf Steamship Co., Inc. 

Norton Lilly Management Corporation 
Parry Navigation Co., Inc. 

Polarus Steamship Company 
Prudential Steamship Corporation 
William J. Rountree, Inc. 

Standard Fruit Sc Steamship Co. 

States Marine Corp., Inc. 

T. J. Stevenson Sc Co., Inc. 

Stockard Steamship Corporation 
United Fruit Co. 

United States Lines Co. 

United States Navigation Co. 

Wessel Duval Sc Co., Inc. 

West India Steamship Co, 

Wilmore Steamship Co. 

J. H. Winchester Sc C o., Inc. 




- 6 - 






GENERAL AGNETS of the WAR SHIPPING ADMINISTRATION 
WHO ARE MEMBERS OF THE PACIFIC AMERICAN SHIPOWNERS 
ASSOCIATION HOLDING AGREEMENTS WITH SAILORS T UNION 
of the PACIFIC, PACIFIC COAST MARINE FIREMEN, OILERS, 
WATERTENDERS & WIPERS 1 ASSOCIATION, MARINE COOKS 1 and 
STEWARDS * ASSOCIATION of the PACIFIC COAST as of 

October 1, 19^5 


Alaska Packers Association 
Alaska Steamship Co, 

Alaska Transportation Co, 

American Hawaiian Steamship Corporation 
American Mail Line, Inc. 

American President Lines, Inc. 

Burns Steamship Co. 

W. R. Chamberlin & Co. 

Coastwise (Pacific Far East) Line 
De La Rama Steamship Co. Inc. 

General Steamship Corp., Ltd. 

Grace Line Inc. (West Coast Vessels) 

James Griffiths & Sons, Inc. 

Hammond Shipping Co., Ltd. 

Interocean Steamship Corporation 

Luckenbach Steamship Co., Inc. (West Coast Vessels) 

Matson Navigation Co. 

McCormick Steamship Co., (Division of Pope & Talbot, Inc.) 
Moore-McCormack Lines, Inc. (West Coast Vessels) 

Northland Transportation Co. 

Oliver J. Olson & Co., Inc. 

Olympic Steamship Co. 

Pacific-Atlantic Steamship Co. 

Shepard Steamship Co. 

Sudden & Christenson 
Union Sulphur Co. 

Weyerhaeuser Steamship Co. 





A 






I. 


UNION RECOGNITION 


9 - 12 - 

13-14 


All National Maritime Union agreements and all except 
four of the "balance of the agreements covering unlicensed 
personnel contain specific provisions recognizing the con¬ 
tracting union as the representative of unlicensed personnel 
for the purpose of collective "bargaining. 

All National Maritime Union agreements considered herein 
are limited to American-flag vessels operated "by the various 
shipping companies. All other agreements, either specifically 
or hy inference, cover all vessels operated by the employer. 


II. NO STRIKES, NO LOCKOUTS 
All agreements examined contain clauses providing that 
there shall be no strikes and no lockouts during the life of 

i 

the agreement. 



III. AUTOMATIC RENEWAL 


3-4-5- The Pacific Coast Marine Fireman, Oilers, Watertenders & 

6 - 7 - 8 - 

9-10-11- Wipers T Association, the Marine Cooks* and Stewards* Association 
12-13-14 

of the pacific and all Seafarers* International Union agreements 
provide for the automatic extension of the agreement from year 

" 4 

to year, unless specific notice is served by one of the parties 
thereto sixty ( 60 ) days prior to the renewal date. 

1-2 All National Maritime Union and the Sailors* Union of the 

Pacific agreements provide for automatic renewal on September 30 
of each year, unless notice is served by one of the parties 

i ■ J? y 

thirty ( 30 ) days prior to that date. 











IV. AMENDMENTS 


1 - 2 - 5 - 

6 - 9-10 

11 - 12 - 

13 - 14-15 


1-2 

5-6-7 

10-11 


9-12-13 

14 


1 


2 


5 


, All agreements provide for amendment, provided notice 
of desire to amend, renegotiate or terminate is given 
within the required time limits specified in the various 
agreements. 

Special provisions relating only to the renegotiation 

V 

of wage scales are contained in the National Maritime Union 
of America, in the Sailors 1 Union of the Pacific and In ten 
Seafarers 7 International Union agreements. The National 
Maritime Union of America and the Sailors 1 Union of the 
Pacific agreements provide for renegotiation of wage scale 
semi-ennuelly. Seven Seafarers 7 International Union agreements 
provide for renegotiations on March 31 and September 30 of 
each successive year. Four other Seafarers 7 International 
Union agreements provide for renegotiation of wage scales at 
any time during the life of the agreement. 

V. EFFECTIVE AND EXPIRATION DATES 

The effective dates of National Maritime Union agreements 
are July 15, 1944 and the expiration date, subject to the 
renewal provisions, is September 30, 1945. The effective 
date of the Sailors 1 Union of the Pacific agreement is 
October 1, 1941, and the expiration date is September 30, 

1942, subject to the renewal provision. 

The effective date of the Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, 
Oilers, Watertenders & Wipers Association agreement is October 
7, 1939, and the expiration date is September 30, 1942 subject 
to the renewal provision. 


- 9 - 






^ The effective date of the Marine Cooks 1 and Stewards* 

Association of the Pacific agreement is October 31> 19^-1 and 
the expiration date is September 30, 19^2, subject to the 
renewal provisions. 

5-6-7-S The effective dates of the various Seafarers* Intemation- 

9 - 10-11 

12-13-Hi al Union agreements vary, but all carry the same expiration 

date of September 30, 19^3 with the exception of the agreement 
with Eastern Steamship Lines, Inc., the expiration date of 
which is June 15, 19^-3, subject to the renewal provisions; and 
the agreements with American Liberty Lines and Overlakes Freight 
Corporation, the expiration dates of which are September 30, 

19^4, subject to the renewal on September 30 of each successive 

\ , 

year. 

V * 

VI. GRIEVANCE PKOCELUKES 

The procedures provided for the adjustment of grievances 
vary, preliminary action is usually taken by the ship*s 
delegates. In case of failure of settlement by the delegates 
with the officers involved, the grievances are next taken to 

» 

a port committee or other similar body. In all cases, the 

arbitration machinery comes into operation after the end of 

* 

the voyage, except as to questions of hiring, and after 
action by the Port Committee. (See Arbitration Procedures.) 

1 The National Maritime Union contracts provide for a 

delegate from each department of the ship, whose duty it is 
to present any complaints first to the immediate superior 
second to the head of the department and, third, to the Master 
of the vessel. 


- 10 - 






2-3-4 


5-6-7 

10-11 


1 

2-3-4-6 

8-10 


9 - 11-12 

13-14 


12-13-14 


On the vessels operated "by members of the Pacific 
American Shipowners Association, a delegate is likewise 
chosen hy each department, hut each of the delegates on 
the vessel represents a different union, since the employees 
in the different departments are organized into separate 
unions. 

Five of the Seafarers 7 International Union agreements 
make provision for ships delegates, whose duties are similar 

to those of the National Maritime Union delegates described 

• \ 

above. 

In all agreements, matters not settled aboard ship are 
referred to a Port Committee in the home port, or in other 

t 

specified ports, for the purpose of settlement. All National 
Maritime Union agreements, as well as six other agreements, 
provide that grievances be presented to the executive officer 
or to company officials ashore; and five Seafarers 7 Interna¬ 
tional Union agreements provide for presentation to the 
executive officer of the ship 7 s department in which the 
grievance arises. If not settled in this manner, the dispute 
then goes to the Port Committee. 

Three Seafarers 7 International Union agreements provide 
for appeal to the Port Committee only in case of disputes 
relating to hiring; viz; rejection of personnel and medical 
examinations. 


VII. ARBITRATION PROCEDURES 
The creation of Port Committee, at the home port or 
at certain other ports, for the settlement of disputes, is 



- 11 - 







provided in all agreements examined. These committees con¬ 


sist of three members representing the employers and three 


representing the union, with varying methods of reaching a 


decision in case of a deadlock. 


^-5-7 Five agreements provide for Port Committees in the 

8-9 

home port, and for representatives of the Port Committee in 


other continental United States ports. The National Mari- 


1 time Union agreements provide for the creation of a Port 


Committee for the settlement of each dispute, which may 


act at the port of discharge or at a continental U.S. port 


where the company maintains an office and the union has an 


agent, or to the home port of the company for final settle¬ 


ment. 


1-5*6-7 
8 - 9 - 10-11 
12-15-14 


2-5 


4 


I 


All National Maritime Union agreements and all Sea¬ 
farers* International Union agreements provide for the 
selection of a seventh member by the United States Con¬ 
ciliation Service of the Department of Labor. 

/ 

Two West Coast agreements provide for a four-man 
selection board, two representing the employer and two 
representing the union, which shall choose, subject to 
challenge by either party, a referee to decide disputes on 
which the six-man board fails to reach a decision. 

The Marine Cooks* and Stewards* Association of the 

t 

Pacific Coast agreement provides the parties shall attempt 
to agree on a standing referee, and in case of failure to 
agree, shall request appointment of a referee by the United 
States Conciliation Service of the Department of labor. 


\ 


- 12 - 







tvj CO 


Time Limits. In eleven agreements, it is provided 


-3-4-6- 
- 9 - 10-11 
12-13-14 


8 

1-5-7 


1-8 


5-7 


2-3 


6 - 9 - 10-11 

12-13-14 


1 


that the Port Committee shall meet within twenty-four hours 

/ • 

after a dispute is submitted to them. One agreement 
specifies a forty-eight hour period, while the remaining 
three do not specify a time limit. 

In disputes not immediately decided hy the Port Com¬ 
mittee and which must go to final arbitration, the time 
limit set for the meeting of the seven-man hoard or for the 
beginning of the hearing before the referee is seventy-two 
hours in all National Maritime Union agreements, and also 
in one Seafarers' International Union agreement. The time 
limit is twenty-four hours in two other Seafarers' Inter¬ 
national Union agreements, while the Sailors' Union of the 
Pacific and the Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, 
Watertenders & Wipers' Association agreements provide that 
decisions shall be made "promptly”. The Marine Cooks and 
Stewards agreement provides that matters in dispute shall 
be settled by the Port Committee within thirty days if 
possible, or referred to a referee. Seven Seafarers' 
International Union agreements make no specific provision 
as to the time of meeting. 

All agreements state that the award of the arbitration 
board or the referee shall be final and binding on both 

V ' * 

/ 

parties. 

Expenses of Port Committee . The National Maritime 
Union agreements provide that each party shall pay the 
expenses of their representatives on the Port Committee and 


- 13 - 







2-J-4 

5-6-7-8- 

9-10-11- 

12-13-14 


2-3-4 

5-6-7-8- 

9 - 10 - 11 - 

12-13-14 


4-6-7-10 


3-5-6 

3-4-5 


2-3-4-5- 

6-1-Q-9- 

10 - 11 - 12 - 

13-14 


shall share equally the expenses of the seventh member. The 
West Coast agreements provide that the expenses of any referee 
shall he borne equally by the unions and the employers. The 
Seafarers 1 International Union agreements make no specific 
provision for the payment of such expenses. 

VIII. HIKING 

All agreements examined provide, in effect, that only 
members of the contracting unions shall be employed as un¬ 
licensed personnel aboard ships of the employer with the 
exception of certain key ratings (see "Exempted Positions") 

\ y 

provided that qualified union members are available, and 
are acceptable to the employer. The West Coast agreements 

t 

and the Seafarers* International Union agreements specify 
that such employees shall be secured by the employer through 
the offices of the Union. 

Four agreements specify that, when union members are 
not available and the employer secures the necessary men 
elsewhere, such men must be satisfactory to the union; while 
three other agreements specify that such men must join the 
union within a "reasonable time." Three agreements provide 
that non-members shall be replaced by members of the union 
at the end of the voyage or the close of articles. 

The West Coast agreements and all Seafarers 1 Inter¬ 
national Union agreements provide that the employer shall 

» 

not discriminate in any way against any employee for 


legitimate union activity. 




v • 





Cs) vo 


2-3-U-5- 

6-7-8- 

9-10 


5-7-9 


2-3-4 


1 

2-3-4-9 


All agreements examined provide, specifically or "by 
inference, that the employer shall have the right to reject 
men furnished who are, in his opinion, unfit, unsuitable 
or unsatisfactory. 

In the West Coast agreements and seven Seafarers* 
International Union agreements the Union agrees to furnish 
capable and competent employees. In three of these agree¬ 
ments, final decision as to the suitability of employees 
furnished by the union is subject to decision by the Port 
Committee, while in three of these agreements, a penalty 
of thirty days pay is provided if the Port Committee finds 
that the emplo 3 /ee was refused employment wrongfully. 

In the West Coast agreements the employer agrees to 
furnish the union with written notice of the reason for 
refusing to employ any man sent by the union. 

All National Maritime Union agreements, the West Coast 
agreements and one Seafarers T International Union agreement 
provide that the Union shall furnish replacements in such 
case. 


-3-4-5 All West Coast and Seafarers* International Union 

-7-8-9 

10-11-12 agreements provide that when a man proposed hy the Union 
lj-lh 

is rejected hy the employer and the union feels that an 

t ' » ‘ 

injustice has been done, a complaint may be filed, by the 

. * 

union, with the Port Committee or port referee, and the 
decision is binding on the employer and the employee. 


- 15 - 



Physical Examinations. 


1-4 

5-6-7-9 

10 - 11-12 

13-14 


5-6-7-10 

11-12-13 

14 


1-2-3-4 

5-7-8 


4 


I 


All National Maritime Union, the Marine Cooks* and 
Stewards* Association and nine Seafarers* International 
Union agreements provide that members of the unlicensed 
personnel shall undergo such medical or physical examina¬ 
tions as may he required by the employer. Eight of these 
agreements provide for the further examination by independ- 
ent medical examiners, usually specified to be Public Health 
Service doctors, in cases where medical examiners for the 
union certify that the rejected person is free from com¬ 
municable disease and disabling defects and is able to do 
the work applied for, in keeping with the rules and regula- 
lations of the employer. 

In all such cases, the decisions of the independent 
physician or member of the Public Health service is final 
and binding on both parties. 

Continuous Employment . 

The National Maritime Union and all the West Coast agree¬ 
ments, as well as three Seafarers* International Union agree¬ 
ments, provide that union members in good standing may remain 
continuously in employment on the same vessel, provided the 
employer and the member in question desire such employment 
to continue. 

No layoff . 

The Marine Cooks* and Stewards* of the Pacific agreement 
provides that members of the stewards* department shall not 
be laid off except in the home port or port of final discharge 


-16- 













and not in either port when the next voyage is scheduled 
within ten days. 

Exempted positions . 

Certain agreements provide that the employer may hire 
certain key ratings from within or without the union. The 
National Maritime Union agreement places Chief Stewards, 

v- * 

Chefs, Refrigerator Engineers on vessels with over 40,000 
cubic feet of refrigerated cargo space. Senior Watch 
Electricians, certain employees under bond, and Super-cargoes 
on freight vessels in this category. 

The Marine Cooks* and Stewards* Association agreement 
provides that the chief stewards of freighters shall be 
selected by the employer from a list to be furnished by the 
union. Three Seafarers* International Union agreements allow 

the employer to select the chief steward provided he shall 

* 

be registered at the union hall and be a member of the union 
5-6 in good standing. Two Seafarers International Union agree¬ 

ments allow the employer to select the chief steward or 
steward-cook provided that such employees shall be cleared 
through the offices of the union. One Seafarers Interna- 
7 tional Union agreement allows the selection of chief stewards, 

cadets, plumbers and electricians from within or without the union. 
11 One Seafarers* International Union agreement exempts only 

9 cadets from the requirement for union membership. Another 

Seafarers International Union agreement exempts the Chief 
Steward, cook and baker from the requirement for union 
membership. 


4 


12-15-14 


-17- 









IX. WOBKMG RULES 



Duties 

In all agreements, it is specified that the various 

members of the crew will be required to perform the recognized 

and customary duties of the rating in which the crew member 

is signed on. 

Obedience to authority 

2^3-4-5 

6-9-10 

All West Coast end four Seafarers' International Union 

agreements specify that crew members shall comply with all law 

ful orders of superior officers and all agreements examined 

provide that each member of the crew shall perform the nec¬ 
essary and customary duties of his employment. 

Securing vessel for sea 

1-9-12-13 

14 

All National Maritime Union agreements and four Sea¬ 
farers International Union agreements provide that all ves- 

* 

sels must be properly and safely secured before leaving the 

dock for a deep sea voyage. This includes lowering or 

squaring the derricks, putting beams and hatches in place 

5-6-7 

10-11 

and spreading of tarpaulins. Five Seafarers International 

Union agreements provide that such work shall be done by the 

time the ship reaches the harbor limits. 

Crew quarters and equipment 

All agreements examined contain some provision assuring 

proper equipment for the use of the crew, such as blankets, 

mattresses and pillows, dishes of crockery, clean towels 

and bed linen, soap and matches. Proper ventilation for 


-18- 




















1-2-5-6-7 

8-9-10-11 

12-1J-14 


1-5-6-7 

8-9-10-n 

12-13-14 


1 


1-5-6-7-8 

9 - 10-11 

12-13-14 


crew quarters, full length lockers, wash rooms with hot and 
cold water and separate mess-rooms are among the facilities 
required by the various agreements. 

Safe Gear and Equipment s 

All National Maritime Union, Sailors* Union of the 
Pacific and Seafarers* International Union agreements pro¬ 
vide that safe gear, equipment and working conditions shall 
he provided by the employer. 

X. UNION EEPPESENTATIVES BOARDING SHIP 
All National Maritime Union and Seafarers* International 
Union agreements provide that representatives of the union 
shall be allowed to board ships in port, on presentation 
of passes issued by the employer, for the purpose of con¬ 
ferring with members of the union. Eleven of these agree¬ 
ments provide that such representatives shall not interfere 
with the work of the vessel. 

The National Maritime Union agreements provide that 
the union shall carry insurance to protect the employer in 
case of death or injury of the union representative while 
aboard ship. 

XI. DIVISION OF WAGES OF ABSENT MEMBERS OF CREW 

All National Maritime Union agreements and all Seafarers* 
International Union agreements provide that when a ship 
sails without the full complement of men in the deck and 
engine departments, the wages of the absent men shall be 
divided among the seamen who perform the work, but provide 


-19- 

































V 







































































that no overtime shall he included in the wages so 
divided. 

The Marine Cooks T and Stewards* Association of the 
Pacific Coast agreement provides that when a member of the 
crew is injured in line of duty the equivalent wage of the 
injured man shall he divided among those crew members who 
actually perform his work, hut it further provides that in 
case of sickness from natural causes, no extra compensation 
will he allowed to crew members doing the sick man*s work 
as long as he remains aboard the vessel. 

i 

XII. HOURS OP WORK 

In all agreements examined, specific provision is 
made for a basic eight-hour day for all unlicensed personnel, 
both those on watches and those on day work. 

The standard work week for day workers in deck and 
engine departments is 44 hours. The standard work week 
for men on watch at sea is 56 hours. When watches are 
broken in port, watch workers go on the 8-hour day, 44- 
hour week basis, the same as day workers. This is universal 
practice and is supported by overtime rules and working 
rules in all agreements covering unlicensed personnel. 
General : 

When a ship is docked or anchored and "port time" 
becomes effective, all men on regular watch go on the same 
hours as day workers, and go back to regular sea watch 
hours when the ship sails again. Thus the hours of work 


- 20- 




1 






♦ 

























on days of arrival and departure may be broken, for those men 
on sea watches, but all such occurrences are covered by 
specific provisions of the agreements. (See "Sea Watches 


- 5 - 6-8 




1 - 4 - 6-8 
9-io-n 
12-15-14 

5-7 


h 


and Port Time") 

Deck and Engine Departments : 

Four agreements make specific provision for the division 
of the deck and engine personnel while at sea into three 
watches which shall be kept on duty successively for the 
performance of ordinary w T ork incident to the sailing and 
management of the vessel. Certain occupations are exempted 
from watch duty and are classed as day workers. The hours 
of watch are set by the master usually given as eight hours 
in a stretch of twelve hours, beginning at midnight. This 
arrangement holds in all National Maritime Union the Marine 
Cooks and Stewards and in eight Seafarers' International Union 
agreements, while in two other Seafarers' International Union 
agreements the eight hours are given as "within a spread of 13 
hours" when at sea. Ail National Maritime Union agreements 
and all of the Seafarers' International Union agreements 
specify that the overtime rate shall be paid for work per¬ 
formed by members of the stewards’ department in port on 
Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays. 

The Marine Cooks and Stewards Association agreement pro¬ 
vides that all work in home ports on the Pacific Coast, on 
Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays, except on days of 
arrival and departure, shall be paid for as overtime work. 


-21- 




Coffee Time: 


Provision is made in the Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, 

Oilers, Watertenders & Wipers’ Association, and in seven 

5-6-7-8-9 Seafarers’ International Union agreements for fifteen minutes 
10-11 

’’coffee time” or rest period for day workers, at 10 a.m. 
and 3:00 p.m. or at a convenient time near those hours. 
12-13-14 Three Seafarers* International Union agreements pro¬ 

vided fifteen minutes coffee time for each 2 hours overtime 
worked, to he included when computing overtime. The same 
agreements provide fifteen minutes coffee time for ’’all hands” 
at or near 10 a.m. and 3 p.m. 


XIII. SEA WATCHES-PORT TIMS 
Breaking Sea Watches . 

The regulations as to breaking and setting of sea 

* 

watches, the definition of ’’port time” and the rules 
governing arrival and departure, are here treated under one 
general head. 

1-5-6-7 All National Maritime Union and all Seafarers’ Inter-' 

8 - 9 - 10-11 

12-13-14 national Union agreements provide that sea watches for 

deck and engine departments shall he broken at noon on day 
of arrival or not later than midnight of day of arrival if 
time of arrival is after noon and if vessel is to he in 
port over 24 hours. "Port Time" for the deck department 
begins immediately on docking or. anchoring for purposes of 
loading or discharging cargo, while for the engine depart¬ 
ment it begins at either the next half hour or hour after 


-22- 








' 


. 











1 


♦ 


1 - 6 - 8 - 10-11 

12-13 


1-5-7-8-9-11 

12-13-14 


8-11 


3 


2-3-4 


docking or when the "finished with engines" "bell is rung. 
All National Maritime Union agreements also specify that 
a ship shall not he considered in port when anchored 
awaiting a pilot, quarantine, daylight or "berth or because 
of weather or tide conditions. 

All National Maritime Union and six Seafarers' Inter¬ 
national Union agreements provide that sea watches may he 
maintained in port at the discretion of the Master, when 
the vessel's stay is to he less than twenty-four hours, 
in which case no maintenance work shall he performed be¬ 
tween 5 P*ei. and 8 a.m. without payment of overtime. 
Provision is made in all National Maritime Union and in 
eight Seafarers’ International Union agreements that if 
a vessel's stay in port is to he over 24 hours, the 
breaking of sea watches is mandatory unless otherwise 
ordered by Navy, Coast Guard or government regulations. 

Two Seafarers' International Union agreements pro- 

1 

vide that when the vessel is scheduled to stay in port 
between 12 and 24 hours, sea watches may he broken at 
the discretion of the Master. The Pacific Coast Marine 
Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders & Wipers’ Association agree¬ 
ment provides that sea watches shall he broken for oilers 
and watertenders one hour after "finished with engines" 
hell is rung. 

The West Coast agreements provide that sea watches 
shall he maintained ’until noon on the day of arrival, 
hut if ship arrives after noon, watches shall he broken 


- 23 - 



2 


3 


1 


5 -7-8-9- 

11-12-13-14 


4-5-7-S-9 

12-13-14 


9 - 11-12 

13-14 

3 


immediately when the vessel is moored at loading or dis¬ 
charging berth. The hours of work of members of the deck 
department (Sailors* Union of the Pacific) are specified 
as being from 8 a.m. to 5 while in port, with the 

payment of overtime provided for all work done outside 
these hours, including the shifting of ship in inland 
waters. The engine department (Marine Firemen, Oilers, 
Watertenders and Wipers' Association) rules differ on 
ships in different classes, with general rule that when 
a vessel arrives and departs the same day, sea watches 
are not to be broken. 

All National Maritime Union agreements provide that 
watches may, at the discretion of the Master, be broken 
on arrival, but in no case later than noon of arrival day; 
provided that when a vessel arrives after noon, watches 
must be broken not later than midnight. 

All Seafarers* International Union agreements except 
two provide that sea watches are not to be broken if the 
scheduled stay of the vessel in that port does not exceed 
24 hours. 

The Marine Cooks and Stewards of the Pacific and 
seven Seafarers* International Union agreements provide 
that sea watches shall be broken on arrival or when 
docked or moored for the purpose of loading or dis¬ 
charging cargo. Five Seafarers’ International Union agree 
ments provide that sea watches are broken for engine room 
personnel when the "finished with engine" bell is rung. 



/ 


\ 























\ • 






I 




\ 






\ 



V 











t 

• V 








% 


■ 








2 - 6 - 10-11 


2-5-6-7-8-9- 

10-11-12-13- 

14 


1 


In the Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders 
& Wipers’ Association agreement, sea watches are to he 
maintained till midnight on day of arrival, hut men not 
required for watch duty are put on day work hours, one 
hour after "finished with engines" hell is rung. 

The Sailors’ Union of the Pacific and three Sea¬ 
farers’ International Union agreements provide that sea 
watches must he maintained until noon of the day of ar¬ 
rival, hut if arrival occurs after noon, watches shall 
he broken when the vessel is moored at the loading or 
discharging berth. 

The Sailors’ Union of the Pacific and all Seafarers’ 
International Union agreements provide that the term "in 
port" shall include the time between the securing of the 
vessel at its dock or anchoring for loading or discharging 
or while awaiting herth, and shall end when the anchor is 

t 

raised or lines are cast off from the dock. 

Setting Sea Watches . 

All National Maritime Union of America agreements 
provide that sea watches shall he set on departure, hut 
not later than noon on day of departure, except on 
Saturday, Sundays or holiday afternoons, when sea watches 
need not he set until four hours before sailing time. 

These agreements provide for payment at the overtime rate 
for all maintenance work done between 5 and. 8 a.m. 

and on Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays, if sea 
watches are set prior to the day of departure. 


- 25 - 






5-7-8-9-11 

12-13-11 


5 


2 - 9 - 11-12 

13-H 


6-10 


2-11-12-13- 

11 


Eight Seafarers' International Union agreements 

provide that sea watches shall he set not later than 

** » * 

noon on the day of departure, unless the vessel sails 
before that hour, in which event sea watches shall he 
set when the first "standby" bell is rung, or earlier at 
the discretion of the master. 

The Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Water- 
tenders & Wipers’ Association agreement provides that on 
Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays sea watches 

I 

may be set four hours prior to time of departure and 
must be set simultaneously for all engine room personnel. 
Reporting for Duty . 

The Sailors Union of the Pacific and five Seafarers’ 
International Union agreements provide that crew members 
shall report on board and be available for duty, one 
hour before the sailing time posted on the board. Two 
Seafarers' International Union agreements state that 
each crew member shall report one hour before sailing 
"in sober condition". 

When Departure is Delayed . 

The Sailors’ Union of the Pacific and four Seafarers 
International Union agreements provide that when the 
sailing of a ship is delayed for over one hour, due to 
loading or discharging cargo, the new time of departure 
shall be posted immediately and the watch below may be 
dismissed and given one hour’s overtime pay for reporting 







The overtime allowance is also allowed to the watch on 
deck on Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays, in 
case of delayed departure. 

Gangway or Anchor Watch . 

All agreements for deck personnel provide for the 
setting of a gangway or anchor watch in port when sea 
watches are "broken. The National Maritime Union agree¬ 
ments, the Sailors* Union of the Pacific agreement and 
six of the Seafarers* International Union agreements 
make setting of the gangway watch mandatory. Four of the 
Seafarers' International Union agreements state that deck 
personnel "may" he assigned to such watch. No overtime 
pay is provided for service on this watch except on 

Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays. This watch 

* 

is usually manned hy the quartermaster and other members 
of the deck personnel, although the Marine Cooks* and 
Stewards* Association of the Pacific agreement provides 
that members of the stewards department, if placed on 
gangway watch over two hours, shall be paid overtime. 
Donkey Watch . 

A donkey watch is defined as a watch stood in port 
by a portion of the engine room personnel for the purpose 
of maintaining steam and tending auxiliaries when the 
main engines are not in use. In all agreements covering 
engine room personnel, donkey watches are set when sea 
watches are broken. Detailed working rules covering the 


- 27 - 







duties of such personnel while cargo is being worked and 

at other times in port, are outlined in the various agree- 

% / 

ment s. 

Stand-by Bate , 

2 When shoreside labor is used aboard ship while in port, 

the Sailors' Union of the Pacific agreement provides for an 
eight hour day at $8.00, with a minimum of four hours when © 

V 

worker is called to such duty. Time and one-half is paid 
5 after eight hours in any one day. The pacific Coast Marine 

Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders & Wipers’ Association agreement 

\ 

5-6-7-8-9- provides for the same daily rate, with overtime at $ 1.50 per 
10 - 11 - 12 - 

13-14 hour. Similar wage rates have been approved by the War 

Shipping Panel for all Seafarers’ International Union of 
Forth American agreements. 



4 



XIV. OVERTIME 

Overtime pay is recognized in all agreements and con¬ 
sidered in the following categories: payment for time 
worked in excess of a certain number of hours in a day 
or for time worked outside certain specified hours; and 
"penalty overtime", which is covered under Section XV. 
Emergency Work . 

Ail agreements except one provides that no overtime 
pay shall be given for time worked in any emergency in¬ 
volving the safety of crews, passengers, vessel or cargo 

i v 

or the saving of other vessels, lives or cargoes. In all 


-28- 









but two agreements similar provision is made for time spent 

7 in lifeboat or fire drills, although one agreement provides 

♦ 

that such drills shall not be held on Saturday afternoons, 
Sundays or holidays except when ordered by government 

1 . authorities. All National Maritime Union agreements provide 

that such drills shall not be held exclusively on Saturday 
afternoons, Sundays and holidays, as a general practice. 

4 The Marine Cooks and Stewards agreement provides that 

such drills shall be held within twenty-four hours following 
arrival or preceding departure, and that they shall not be 
held, in home port, on Saturday afternoons, Sundays and 
holidays. If they are held otherwise, except when ordered 
by the Bureau of Marine Inspection and Navigation, the over¬ 
time rate shall be paid. 


Rate of Ove rtim e Pay . 

All agreements specify a rate of pay for all work 

I- 2-3- classified as overtime. In three agreements the rate is 

4 

given as 85 ^. One agreement, covering only the stewards 

department, sets a rate of 85 ^ per hour for the steward 

5 . 6 - 7 - and cook and 75 ^ per hour for all other employees in the 
8 - 9 - 10 - 

II- 12-13- department. All Seafarers’ International Union agreements 

14 

set a rate of 90 ^ per hour. 

Authorization and Checking of Overtime . 

1 All National Maritime Union agreements state that all 

» 

overtime shall be authorized by the Master or by a person 
authorized to do so by the Master, Provisions as to the 


-29- 









1-5-6-7- 

9 - 10-11 
13-lk 


2-3-k- 

7-10 


9 


1-3 

5-6-7-8- 
9-10-Il¬ 
ia- 13- lk 


chocking of overtime is contained in all agreements. All 
National Maritime Union agreements and eight Seafarers' Inter¬ 
national Union agreements provide that each employee be given 
a slip showing the time worked and also that a permanent record 

shall be kept listing all such slips issued. The Pacific 

* 

Coast agreements and two Seafarers' International Union agree¬ 
ments provide that the union delegate shall check such time 
worked with the officer in charge of the work or with the 
officer representing the Master, as soon as possible after the 

N 

completion of the work. One Seafarers' International Union 
agreement contains a provision requiring the officer in charge 
and the men to keep a record of all disputed overtime. 

All National Maritime Union, the Pacific Coast Firemen, 
Oilers, Watertenders and Wipers and all Seafarers International 

Union agreements provide that overtime is calculated from the 

\ £ 

time when the member of the crew is called to work, provided 
however, that he report within fifteen minutes. If he reports 
any later than this, overtime starts at the actual time of 
reporting. 

Computation of Overtime . 

In the computation of overtime, all agreements provide 

» 

that, at any time a crew member is called on to do overtime 
work, he shall be paid for not less than one hour. Where over¬ 
time work exceeds one hour, it shall be paid for in half-hour 
periods but any period of less than a half-hour shall count 
as one half-hour. 


- 30 - 




Payment of Overtime. 


1-5-7-11 The National Maritime Union agreement and three Sea¬ 

farers' International Union agreements provide that overtime 

9 - 12 - 13 - shall he paid at the time of signing off or within twenty-four 
14 

hours thereafter. Four Seafarers' International Union agree¬ 
ments have the same provision hut provide a penalty of $6.80 
8 per day for each day of delay after the specified time. One 

agreement provides that overtime shall he paid with the semi- 

A 

monthly pay-roll or at time of laying off. 

Calling out Watch Below : 

1- 2-5-6- All agreements covering deck personnel provide that when 

7-8-9-lo¬ 
ll- 12- 13 - the watch he low is called out, they shall he paid at the over- 
3.4 * 

time rate for all work performed during the period of their 
"watch helow.” 

Overtime Work in Port : 

2- 3-5-6- Twelve agreements including the Sailors' Union of the 

7-8-9-10- 

11-12-13- Pacific, the Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Water- 
3.4 . -||| 

tenders & Wipers' Association, and all Seafarers' International 

Union agreements, provide that all work done in port, aside 
from gangway and donkey watches, between 5 p.m. and 8 a.m. 
shall he paid for at the overtime rate. By joint interpreta¬ 
tion, the National Maritime Union agreement provides that port 
1 * time and the overtime provisions shall he in effect when sea 

3 watches are broken. The National Maritime Union, the Pacific 

4 Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders & Wipers’ Associa¬ 


tion, the Marine Cooks' and Stewards' Association of the Pacific 










5-6-7-8- Coast and nine Seafarers 1 International Union provide that all 
10 - 11 - 12 - 

13-14 work done in port on Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays 
shall he paid at the overtime rate. In the Marine Cooks 1 and 
Stewards' Association of the Pacific Coast agreements, however, 
the above overtime provision does not apply on days-: of arrival 
and departure in the home port, while the Pacific Coast Marine 
Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders & Wipers' Association agreement 

i 

makes this limitation on overtime applicable to all ports on 
2 days of arrival and departure. The Sailors' Union of the 

Pacific agreement provides no overtime on Saturday afternoons, 
Sundays and holidays for work preparatory to anchoring or 

mooring the ship or for work preparatory to leaving the pier 

■■ * » 

or buoy, nor for the watch on deck or for regular duties on 
days of arrival and departure. 

Overtime Outside Regular Hours 

(Deck Department; ) 

In all agreements covering deck personnel overtime pay 
is provided for all members of the crew working beyond their 
regular hours. The regular hours for day work are from 8 to 
12 a.m. and 1 to 5 p.m. Mondays through Fridays and 8 to 12 a.m. 
Saturdays. Any day work done outside these hours is paid at 
the overtime rate. All members of the deck personnel who are 
not assigned to gangway or anchor watch go on day hours when 
watches are broken in port. Either explicitly or by inference 
all agreements covering deck personnel provide that at sea the 
overtime rate shall be paid when men are called from "watch 

i 

2 below” or rest period. Specific provision is made in the 


- 32 - 







6-7-8-9 


Sailors' Union of the Pacific and in four Seafarers' Inter- 


1-3 

national Union agreements that any time worked by deck person- 

\ 

nel in excess of eight hours between midnight and midnight 

shall be paid for as overtime. 

(Engine Department:) 

All National Maritime Union and the Pacific Coast Marine 

Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders & Wipers' Association agree¬ 
ments provide that men who have been on watch at sea go on 

day-work hours while in port, (with exception of men kept on 

donkey watch) and the overtime rate is paid for work done be¬ 
tween 5 p.m. and 8 a.m. and for work on Saturday afternoons, 

Sundays and holidays including days of arrival and departure. 

1 

Under all National Maritime Union agreements men on 

donkey watch are paid at the overtime rate for work in excess 

of eight hours and for all work on Saturday afternoons, 

>5-6-7- 

Sundays and holidays. All Seafarers ' International Union 


8 - 9 - 11 - 12 - 


13 - 1^-15 

agreements and the Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, 

Watertenders and Wipers' Association agreement provide over¬ 
time for engine personnel on donkey watch while cargo is being 

worked by the ship's winches, between 5 P»ni. and 8 a.m., as 

well as on Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays. 

(Steward's Department:) 

The principle of eight hours work in a spread of twelve 

hours in the stewards department on freighters is recognized 

1-4 

in all agreements. All National Maritime Union of America 

and the Marine Cooks' and Stewards* Association agreements 

4' 

» 

K\ 

rO 

t 




t 



provide that overtime is not payable for work done in preparing 
and serving the three regular meals at regular hours, but is 
payable when meals are served at night to the crew while working 
cargo. In lieu of overtime pay for Saturday afternoons and 

4 Sundays in port other than the home port, the Marine Cooks* 

and Stewards* Association agreement provides for payment of 
overtime for work on holidays whether in port or at sea. 

1-4-5-7- All National Maritime Union, the Marine Cooks* and 

8-12-13 

Stewards* Association and five Seafarers* International Union 
agreements provide for payment at the overtime rate for work 
ordered or done by members of the steward's department outside 
their scheduled hours. 

1-5-6-7- All National Maritime Union and all Seafarers' Inter- 

8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 

12-13-14 national Union agreements provide for payment at the overtime 

rate to members of the steward's department for all work done in 

* ' * . . 

4 port on Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays. The Marine 
Cooks' and Stewards' Association agreement covers such work 
only in the home port on the Pacific Coast and for certain 
other ports specified for various trades. 

XV. PENALTY OVERTIME 

This section indicates some of the instances in which 
"penalty overtime" is to apply under the various agreements. 

The rate of pay is usually the same as the regular overtime 

5 rate. Certain variations from the regular overtime rate are 
mentioned under some headings below. One agreement states that 
no penalty overtime shall be paid except as specifically pro¬ 


vided in the agreement. 



•\* 



2 


5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 
9 - 10 - 11 - 
12 - 13-14 


1-7 


5 - 6 - 8 - 

10-11 


6 - 9 - 10 - 

12-13 


Use of Spray Gun . 

The Sailors’ Union of the Pacific agreement provides that 
the use of a spray gun in painting shall entitle the man using 
it to an additional 25^ per hour, over his regular pay, for 
"outside" work "but he shall "be paid at the rate of 85^ per 
hour during regular working hours and $1.15 per hour for over¬ 
time hours for such painting done in an enclosed compartment. 

All Seafarers' International Union agreements provide 
that such work shall "be paid for at the overtime rate for 
regular hours and at one and one-half times the overtime rate 
for overtime hours . 

Docking and Undocking . 

All National Maritime Union and one Seafarers’ Inter¬ 
national Union agreements provide for payment at the overtime 
rate to members of the watch below, when called to assist in 
docking or undocking. Six of the Seafarers’ International 
Union agreements carry the same provision, but also give pay 
at the overtime rate to members of the watch on deck during 
the hours between 5 P*ei. and 8 a.m. and on Saturday afternoons 
Sundays and holidays for this work. Five Seafarers’ Inter¬ 
national Union agreements state that all crew members, on or 

off watch, who are called on for such duty shall receive the 

* 

overtime rate of pay. 

Work on Hatches. 

. —* * 

Under the provisions of all agreements covering deck 

personnel, when members of the deck department are called on 








5 - 8 - 9-11 


1 

9-12-13- 

14 


5 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 

9 - 10 - 11-12 

13-14 


5 - 6 - 8 - 9 - 

10 - 11 - 12 - 

13-14 


to handle hatch covers preparatory to loading or discharging 
cargo, they are paid for such work at the overtime rate. 
Handling mail, autos or cargo . 

The National Maritime Union agreements provide for pay 
at the overtime rate for work done in port "by the watch on 
deck in handling mail, automobiles or cargo in the mail room 
or hold or hoisting same to deck, shore or tender. The watch 
below, if called out for this work, is to be paid at one and 
one-half times the overtime rate. 

Four Seafarers' International Union agreements provide 
that handling of mail by the crew shall be paid at overtime 
rate. 

Carpenters' overtime . 

Under the National Maritime Union agreement and four 
Seafarers' International Union agreements, when a carpenter 
or carpenters mate is required to stand watch between 5 p.m. 
and 8 a.m. or on Saturday afternoons, Sundays or Holidays he 
is to be paid at the overtime rate. 

All Seafarers’ International Union agreements provide 
that an able seaman may be assigned to carpenter work and 
while actually using carpenters tools, he shall be paid at 
the overtime rate. 

Laying Dunnage for Cargo . 

Nine Seafarers' International Union agreements provide 
that when the crew is required.to floor off with dunnage in 
preparation for cargo, they shall be paid at the overtime 
rate for the watch on deck, and at one and one-half times 
the overtime rate for the watch below, if called. 


- 36 - 





V •' 








I 


I 


*'.-Y 


7 


■ 

•V* 


: v" 

s { .. 






1 


' i ' , •* 



1 








- / V 





I 


/ 



Securing Cargo in Hold. 

1 

00 

i i — l 

i i 

i A ON 

Five Seafarers’ International Union agreements provide 

> , 

that a special rate shall he paid for securing cargo which 

has not heen properly stowed or secured in the hold by long¬ 
shoremen , of $1.10 per hour for the watch on deck and $1.65 

6-10-12- 

13-14 

for the watch below if called. Five other Seafarers’ Inter¬ 
national Union agreements provide that the watch on deck be 

paid at the regular overtime rate for such work and that the 

2 

watch below if called be paid one and one-half the overtime 

rate. The Sailors’ Union of the Pacific agreement provides 

overtime pay at the regular rate to the watch below when called 

for the securing of all cargo, on deck and in the hold. 

Securing Cargo on Deck. 

1 

The National Maritime Union agreements provide that when 

the watch on deck is required to lash cargo during the hours 

from 5 p.21. to 8 a.m. and on Saturday afternoons, Sundays and 

2 - 5 - 6 - 7 - 
8-9- lo¬ 
ll- 12-13- 
14 

holidays, they shall be paid at the overtime rate. The Sail¬ 
ors’ Union of the Pacific agreement and all Seafarers’ Inter¬ 
national Union agreements provide that the watch below shall 

be paid at the overtime rate for such work at any time they 

are called from below, while the watch on deck shall be paid 

at the overtime rate during the hours from 5 p*m. to 8 a.m. 

and on Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays. 

1 

Cleaning Bilges. 

✓ 

All National Maritime Union agreements specify that the 

overtime rate shall be paid for cleaning bilges because of 


-37- 





I 


v.* r *• 

t 


« * 






\ 





, 



'>■ 



* 









i 

y 


i 


■ V 



/ • 












maintenance, repairs or removing fuel oil or because of damaged 
or oonoxious cargo, but not when such cleaning is under normal 
inspection provided by law. 

In the Sailors' Union of the Pacific agreement a special 

5-6-7- rate of $ 1.05 is provided for all such work, whether during 
8-9-10- 

11-12-15- overtime or regular hours. All Seafarers' International Union 
14 

agreements provide for the payment of overtime at the overtime 
rate to the watch on deck and at time and one-half to the 
watch below for cleaning bilges or rose boxes in vhich the 
residue of grain or organic fertilizer is present. 

5 The Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders 

& Wipers' Association agreement provides that wipers "shall 
be paid overtime when required to clean tanks or tank tops by 
hand or to clean bilges by hand.” 

Painting and Cleaning . 

For painting or cleaning those parts of the vessel not 
5 -6-7-8- used regularly by the unlicensed personnel, payment at the 


9 - 10 - 11 - 

12-15-14 overtime rate is provided in all of the Seafarers' Inter¬ 
national Union agreements. 

2-5-7-9- Seven Seafarers' International Union agreements and the 

11-12-15- 

14 Sailors' Union of the Pacific agreement provide that overtime 

is not allowed for work overside while in port, chipping, 
scaling, priming and painting during regular work or watch 
hours. Two of these agreements provide that where the company 
maintains a shore gang for this work in the home port, this 
practice shall continue. 


-58- 






2 


The Sailors’ Union of the Pacific agreement provides that 
chipping, scaling, and painting of messrooms, lockers, store¬ 
rooms, cargo spaces, etc. shall be done by the deck personnel 


during regular hours without payment of overtime. 

Overtime on Gangway Watch . 

I- 6-9-10- In all National Maritime Union agreements and in eight 

II- 12-13- 

1^- Seafarers’ International Union agreements men on the gangway 

or anchor watch are to be paid at the overtime rate during 

2 Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays. Under the Sailors’ 

Union of the Pacific agreement, whem members of the unlicensed 
personnel, other than quartermasters, watchmen or stationmen, 
are called to stand gangway watch, they are to be paid at the 
overtime rate. 

Handling Ballast 

6-9-10- Under seven Seafarers’ International Union agreements, 

11-12-13- 

14 when members of the unlicensed personnel are required to dis¬ 

charge ballast out of holds or to handle ballast on deck, they 
are to be paid at the overtime rate during regular hours and 
at one and one-half times the overtime rate during overtime 
hours. 

Work on Cargo Gear, Etc . 

1 In all National Maritime Union of America agreements 

battening down, rigging up or securing cargo gear, mooring 
and unmooring and opening or closing ports entitle the seamen 
to pay at the overtime rate after 5 P* m * and before 8 a.m. 
and on Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays. 


-39- 
























t...* 




Handling Mooring Lines : 


2 

12-13- 
ili 


6 - 10 - 11 - 

12-13-14 


3 


1 


If the watch on deck are required to “break out mooring 
lines on Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays which are 
days of arrival, the Sailors 1 Union of the Pacific and three 
Seafarers 1 International Union agreements provide that such 
time shall he overtime. 

Six Seafarers 1 International Union agreements provide that 
when members of the crew are put on the dock to catch or let 
go lines, each man shall be paid $1.00, in addition to all 
other pay for such work. 

Transiting Canale : 

All National Maritime Union agreements provide that the 
members of the watch below shall be paid at the overtime rate 
when required to be on deck for the purpose of handling lines 
or standing by winches when transiting canals; and that all 
men on such duty on Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays 
shall receive overtime pay. 

The Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders 
& Wipers* Association agreement provides overtime pay for 
wipers assigned to trim ventilators while transiting the 
Pamana and Suez canals, if this work is done outside regular 
working hours. 

Cleaning Tanks used for Liquid Cargo . 

For cleaning tanks used for the transportation of liquid 
cargo such as fuel oil, molasses and cocoanut oil, all National 
Maritime Union agreements provide that the members of the crew 


-40- 





I 




/ 








f 
















r 



« 





3 


5-7 


6 - 8 - 9-10 

11 - 12-13 

lb 


1 


I - 3 - 5-6 
7 - 8 - 9-10 

II - 12-13 
lb 


shall De paid at the overtime rate during their regular 
working hours. The Sailors* Union of the Pacific agreement 
provides for pavment at 83 ^ per hour during straight time 
hours and $1.15 during overtime hours and that boiler suits 
shall be furnished to men engaged in this work. The Pacific 
Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders & Wipers’ Associa- 
tion agreement provides that wipers "shall be paid at the 
overtime rate when required to clean tanks or tank tops by 
hand or to clean bilges by hand.” Two Seafarers' Interna¬ 
tional Union agreements provide for payment at the special 
rate of $ 1.00 per hour during regular hours and $ 1.50 per 
hour during overtime hours and also provide that three hours 
overtime shall be paid in addition to the time actually worked, 
but specify that this three hours of overtime shall be paid 
only once when tanks are being cleaned on consecutive days. 
Eight Seafarers’ International Union agreements provide for 
payment at the same rate without the addition of the three 
hours penalty, and include the provision that boiler suits 
shall be furnished the members of the crew engaged in the 
operation. 

Removing Garbage or Manure . 

All National Maritime Union of America agreements provide 
for payment at the overtime rate for removing garbage or 
manure, either in port or at sea. 

Overtime on Donkey Watch . 

In all National Maritime Union, the Marine Firemen, 

Oilers, Watertenders and Wipers’ Association and all Seafarers’ 


- 41 - 









International Union agreements, men in the engine department 
who are detailed to operate and maintain auxiliary machinery 
used in working cargo are to he paid at the overtime rate 
during the hours from 5 p.m. to 8 a.m. in port, while cargo 
is being worked, even though donkey watch is set and on 
Saturday afternoons, Sundays and holidays. 

Longshore Work by Crew. 


I- 2-5-6 

7-8-9-10 

II- 12-13 
14 


1-2 


3-6-7-S 

9 - 10-11 

12-13-14 


All National Maritime Union, Sailors* Union of the 
Pacific and Seafarers * International Union agreements, provide 
that the crew may be called upon to do longshore work, driving 
winches and handling cargo, in ports where longshoremen are 
not available, except when longshoremen are not available 

i 

because of labor trouble. The National Maritime Union and 
Sailors* Union of the Pacific agreements provide a special 
rate of $1.03 per hour for such work at any time, while all 
Seafarers * International Union agreements provide a rate of 
$1.10 per hour for the watch on deck, $1.65 per hour for the 
watch below, and $3.00 per hour for such work done between 
5 p.m. and 8 a.m. on weekdays and on Saturday afternoons, 


Sundays and holidays. 

Shifting Ship in Inland Waters : 

1 All National Maritime Union agreements provide overtime 

pay for men called back for the purpose of moving the ship 
in inland waters, where the shift takes five hours or less, 
between 5 p.m. and 8 a.m. and on Saturday afternoons, Sundays 

2 and holidays. The Sailors* Union of the Pacific agreement 


-42- 





i.i 



3 

5 - 7 - 8-9 

11-12-13 

14 

5 - 7 

6 - 10 


1 

2-3-4 

5 - 6 - 7-8 

9 - 10-11 

12-13-14 


specifies that the hours shall he between 6 p.m. and 8 a.m. 

and that a minimum of two hours overtime is provided. The 

Pacific Coast Marine Firemen, Oilers, Watertenders & Wipers' 

Association agreement provides that the hours shall be from 

* 

5 p.m., to 8 a.m. with no mimimum time specified. Eight 
Seafarers * International Union agreements have similar pro¬ 
visions, except that the hours specified in two agreements 
are between 6 p.m, and 7 a.m. Two agreements provide for 
shifts of twelve hours or less to be paid at overtime rate. 

XVI. ALLOWANCES 

All agreements examined contain provisions covering 

# • - . 

allowances when subsistence and quarters are not furnished 
aboard the vessel for the crew while in port. 

Subsistence . 

All National Maritime Union agreements provide an 
allowance of 90<fi per meal for subsistence. All West Coast 
agreements provide an allowance of 85^ each for breakfast 
and dinner and $1.00 for supper, All Seafarers 1 International 
Union agreements provide 90^ per meal. 

Quarters . 

All agreements provide an allowance of $2.50 per night 
for room when quarters are not furnished aboard ship. 
Transportation , 

The right of seamen to transportation, which may include 
wages, room and subsistence, may come about in three ways: 


-45- 









1-5-6-7- 

9 - 10-11 

12-13-14 


1-2-3-4 

5-6-7-8 

9 - 10-11 

12-13-14 


(a) Because of sickness or injury. Sick or injured seamen 
are entitled to transportation to the port of shipment if 
the illness is not caused "by their own misconduct. This 
right is protected ty maritime laws and hence is not included 
in any labor agreement. (b) Discontinuance of voyage because 
of sale or lay-up of vessel, shipwreck, reallocation to 
another General Agent, marine or war risk. Most labor 
agreements have provisions covering one or more of these 
contingencies. Discontinuance of the voyage because of 
marine or war risk is further covered by Operations Regulation 
Nos. 72 and 73 of the War Shipping Administration., (c) Sign 
off at a continental United States port not in the same area 
as the port of shipment. This contingency is covered by 
Operations Regulations Nos. 64 and 64 (Revised) which is 
made a part of the shipping articles signed by the seamen. 

In Course of Employment , 

Expenses for transportation during the course of 
employment is provided in all National Maritime Union and 
Seafarers 1 International Union agreements. These expenses 
include the cost of first-class transportation, plus a berth 
at night and an allowance for meals. The allowance for meals 
is $3.00 per day in all National Maritime Union and all West 
Coast agreements, while $4.00 per day is paid under all 
Seafarers* International Union agreements. 

To Port of Shipment . 

All West Coast agreements provides that, when 
men ere transported "from ports where men ere evailable 
to vessels at ports where men ere not available". 


-44- 






5- 6-7-8 
9 - 10-11 
12-13-14 

6 - 9-10 
11-12-13 

Ni4 


1 


2-3-4 


the union, if requested by the agent, shall dispatch the men 

I 

ordered and advance transportation, "berth, wages and sub- 

♦ 

sistence; and upon the men arriving aboard the vessel and 
signing articles or accepting employment, the Agent is to 
reimburse the union immediately. This provision applies 
only to certain specified ports on the Pacific Coast. 

When employment is terminated . 

All Seafarers 1 International Union agreements provide 

that in the event a ship is sold or laid up, the crew 

* 

members are entitled to repatriation. Seven of these Sea¬ 
farers’ International Union agreements entitle crew members 
to repatriation in case of shipwreck also. 

The National Maritime Union agreement provides that 
such transportation shall be under the provisions of War 
Shipping Administration Operations Regulation No. 64, as 
existing or as from time to time amended. 

All West Coast agreements provide for the payment of 
transportation of crew members to the port of engagement 
when a vessel is sold or laid up. In the case of employees 
who have been employed fifteen days or less, they are 
furnished with transportation and subsistence only to the 
port of engagement; in the case of those who have been 
employed longer, they are given transportation, subsistence 
and wages to the home port or port of engagement. 

One Seafarers’ International Union agreement provides 

✓ 

repatriation for crew members when the ship is sold or lost 

-45- 





or interned, or when the crew member is laid off at a port 
other than the port of engagement, "unless such lay-off is 

caused by labor trouble, strike, or for just cause." 
Workaways . 

All National Maritime Union agreements provide that 
no workaways shall be carried except for the sole purpose of 
providing transportation and then in addition to the regular 
crew. They shall not be required to work on voyages between 
ports in the continental United States, but when shipped 
from ports abroad they shall do day work in return for their 
transportation, 

5-7-8-9 Eight Seafarers* International Union agreements state 

11-12 

13-14 that "no cadets, workaways or consular personnel shall be 

carried in lieu of the crew." 


XVII. HOLIDAYS 

All agreements covering unlicensed personnel list New 
Year’s, Lincoln’s Birthday, Washington’s Birthday, Memorial 
Bay, Independence Bay, Labor Bay, Armistice Bay, Thanksgiving 
and Christmas as holidays. It is also provided in all agree¬ 
ments that if any of these holidays shall fall on Sunday, 
the following Monday shall be observed. 

2-3-4 In addition to the specified holidays, all West Coast 

agreements provide that on the West Coast of the United States 
unlicensed personnel shall be granted any additional holidays 
granted to the longshoremen in such pores. Similar provision 


-46- 









5-6-7-8 

lO-H-13 

is made as to any United States port in seven Seafarers’ 

International Union agreements, while two other Seafarers’ 

12-ll| 

International Union agreements make the same provision as 

to any port. 

« 


XVIII. VACATIONS 


All National Maritime Union, the West Coast and six 

6 - 7 - 8 - 10-11 



Seafarers’ International Union agreements provide for vacations 

1 

with pay to unlicensed personnel. The National Maritime 

5-6-7-8 

10 

Union and five Seafarers’ International Union agreements 

allow a vacation period of seven days after one year’s service 

and fourteen days of subsequent years of service. The West 

7 

Coast agreements and one Seafarers’ International Union 

agreement allow a vacation period of fourteen days after 

one year’s service and the same for subsequent years. 

Over six months of service. 

1-5-7-11 

All National Maritime Union and three Seafarers* Inter¬ 
national Union agreements also provide that if employment 

is terminated through no fault of the employee, after six 

months service, vacation will be given on a basis of one- 

1-5-6-7 

10-11 

twelfth of the annual period per month for the time served. 

Under all National Maritime Union and five Seafarers’ Inter¬ 
national Union agreements, vacation may be accumulated, if 

agreed upon between the parties. Vacations are to be granted 

at such time as may be convenient to the necessities of the 


service in these agreements. 







1-2-3-4-5 

6 - 7 - 10-11 


1-5-6-7 

10-11 


4 


5-11 


Conditions as to continuous service . 

All National Maritime Union, the West Coast and five 
Seafarers* International Union agreements provide that, for 
purposes of calculating vacation, continuous service shall 
not he considered as broken by leave of absence or illness 
provided that no vacation time shall accrue during such 
periods. 

Cash allowance in lieu of vacation . 

All National Maritime Union and five Seafarers* Inter¬ 
national Union agreements provide that cash allowance may 
not be granted in lieu of vacation. 

Time off to vote . 

In the Marine Cooks and Stewards agreement it is pro¬ 
vided that two hours shall be afforded employees to vote 
on general election day when the vessel is in an American 
port. 

Relieving for time off . 

Arrangements for relieving each other in order to secure 
time off in each port, made between the unlicensed personnel 

and the senior officer of the department involved, is provided 

♦ 

for in two Seafarers* International Union agreements. 


XIX. EXPLOSIVES 


Handling Explosives : 

For the handling of explosives as cargo all agreements 
covering deck personnel provide a special rate of pay. One 
9 Seafarers* International Union agreement provides $5 per 

t 

2 hour for this work, the Sailors' Union of the Pacific agreement 


*• 48 - 











1-5-6-t 

8 - 10-11 

12-13-14 


1 

2-3-4 

8 

5-6-7-9 

10 - 11-12 

13-14 


1 


5-6-7-8 
10-12-14 


5-7 


8 

11 


provides $1.45 per hour, while all National Maritime Union and 
nine Seafarers* International Union of North America agreements 
set the rate at $2.50 per hour. 

Carrying Explosives ; 

All agreements covering unlicensed personnel provide that 
the crew memhers shall receive additional pay while "explosives’* 
in lots of 50 tons or more are aboard, as cargo, or are being 
loaded or unloaded. The National Maritime Union and all West 
Coast agreements provide an increase of 10 per cent of the base 
pay; one Seafarers* International Union agreement provides an 
increase of $20 per month; and the balance of the Seafarers* 
International Union agreements provide an increase of $10 per 
month. 

Listed Explosives : 

Black powder, blasting caps, detonating caps, loaded 
bombs, dynamite and TNT are listed as explosives in all 
National Maritime Union agreements. The West Coast agreements 
add nitroglycerine to this list. Seven Seafarers* Interna¬ 
tional Union agreements also include gasoline in addition 
to the above list of explosives. Two Seafarers* International 
Union agreements also include loaded shells of 1" or over, 
but not small arms ammunition. One agreement adds ammunition 

of 50 caliber or over to the list, while another adds loaded 

/ 

shells only. 

XX. PENALTY CARGO 

All of the agreements covering deck personnel list certain 
items as penalty cargo. When the crew members have to clean 


- 49 - 










2 


1-5-6-7-8-9- 
10-11-12-13- 
14 


1 - 6 - 8 - 10-11 

2 - 6 - 8 - 10-11 

5- 6-7-8-9-10 
11-12-13-14 

6 - 9 - 10 - 12 - 
13-14 

2 - 6 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 

11-12-13-14 

5-6-7-8- 

10-11 

5-6-7-8- 

10-11 

5-7-9 

9-12-13-14 


9-12-13-14 

2 


5-6-7-8-9-10 

11-12-13-1^ 


holds in which such cargo has been carried , they receive the 

overtime rate of pay during regular hours and one and one-half 

* 

\ 

times the overtime rate during overtime hours, Saturday after¬ 
noons , Sundays and holidays, while the Sailors’ Union of the 
Pacific agreement provides for payment at the rate of $0.85 for 
straight-time hours and $ 1.15 for overtime hours for this work. 

The following are listed as penalty cargo in all 
National Maritime Union and Seafarers' International Union 
agreements; arsenic, bones, green hides, caustic soda, soda 
ash, creosoted lumber, bone meal, chloride of lime, lampblack 
or carbon black, sulphur. In addition to the general listing 
given above, five of the agreements list kainite. Potash is 
included in five of these agreements. Coal is listed as penalty 
cargo in all Seafarers’ International Union agreements, and coke 
is also added in six of these. Cement in bags or in bulk is 
given as penalty cargo in nine agreements. Cyanide is included 
as penalty cargo in six agreements. Superphosphate (but not 
phosphate rock) is listed in six agreements. Greaves cake is 
included in the list of penalty cargo in three agreements. 
Phosphate is included as penalty cargo in four agreements. 
Gasoline, in lots of 1000 tons, or over, is included as penalty 
cargo in four agreements. Soda ash, sulphur, potash, ore, and 
cement are the only items listed in one agreement. 

In all Seafarers * International Union agreements it is 
provided that the carriage of penalty cargo in lots of 1000 tons 

I 4 

or over is made the basis for payment of $10 per month additional 
to crew members while such cargo is being loaded, carried or 
discharged. 


- 50 - 



1 By a joint interpretation to the National Maritime Union 

agreement., unlicensed members of the crew receive $5 per voyage 
when sulphur in the amount of 25 ^ or more of the deadweight 
cargo carrying capacity is carried. 

XXI. SPECIAL WARTIME PROVISIONS 

————~- - n r -1--—iT>n—niiij - i r..i ■ m 

Because of wartime operations, including new types of 
ships put in use, as well as changes ordered by the armed 

forces for purposes of security, the operating companies and 

* 

the unions have found it necessary to formulate amendments to 
their agreements in order to meet these new operating conditions. 
Changes in the Steward’s Department . 

The use of freighters for carrying troops necessitated add¬ 
itional personnel and changes in the working rules for the stew¬ 
ard’s department on such ships. The Marine Cooks’ and Stewards' 
Association of the Pacific Coast agreement was amended as of 
March 1, 19*0; to add a utility man and a night cook when the 
total number in the gun crew plus the military officials fed and 
serviced from the galley exceeded 64. Above a total of 80, over¬ 
time is paid to the day cooks in proportion to the number of such 
personnel carried. 

In November, 19*0 all of the Seafarers’ International Union 

5 - 3 „ agreements were amended to provide for increased personnel in 

9 -10-il¬ 
ls -13-14- the stewards department in proportion to the numbers in the gun 

crew, military officials, troops and others serviced from the 

galley and also to provide for additional cooks to prepare food 

for enlisted personnel, when cooks and cooking facilities are 

not furnished by the military authorities. 


- 51 - 









In June of 19^5; after the surrender of Germany, "because 
of the redeployment of troops from the European theatre, an 
additional number of freighters were converted for use as 
troopships. The large numbers of men to be fed and serviced 
necessitated further changes in the manning scales of the stew¬ 
ard’s department. The union agreements were amended to cover 
the manning and wage scales for this operation. 

This special operation, while not an actual "dry cargo" 
operation, has been considered as a part of the labor relations 
situation on these freighter vessels, which are manned by the 

same personnel as strictly dry cargo vessels and governed in 
♦ ' 

most respects by the terms of the regular labor agreements. 

A comparison of the wage scales for the steward's depart¬ 
ment on various types of troopships, as negotiated by the 
various unions, is shown in a table following the regular wage 
tables in the back of this study. 

Port Security Watches . 

Because of safety regulations issued by the Coast Guard, 
it has been necessary to maintain port security watches on 
board ship. Officers and enlisted men in sufficient number to 
move the vessel or to make other provisions for its safety are 
required to be on board in port at all times. 

These regulations have been covered by amendments to the 
West Coast agreements. The Sailors’ Union of the Pacific and 
Pacific Coast Marine Eiremen, Oilers, Watertenders and Wipers’ 

2-5 Association agreements provide that men retained on board for 

purpose of security shall be paid $ 6.00 each , per day in addi¬ 
tion to wages, for the period from 5 P»ni. to 8 a.m. This pay 

. 

' • x 


-52- 






is supplemented by overtime pay if these men are assigned to 
work during these hours, other than emergency work or work for 
the safety of ship or cargo. The total pay for the 15 hour 
period, however, cannot exceed straight overtime rate, or a 
total of $12.75 per night. 

The Marine Cooks 1 and Stewards 1 Association of the Pacific 
Coast membership, under a Port Committee ruling of December 30, 
19 ^ 5 > became entitled to overtime pay for preparing or serving 
any necessary meals to the port security watch during the hours 
from 5 p.m. to 8 a.m. 
















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Effective August 8, 1945 

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Seafarers International Union 
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index 


Adjustment of grievances ... . . . . 

Allowances. # . 

Amendments to agreements ........ . 

Arbitration procedures t . , , , . 

Authorization and checking of overtime.. . 

Automatic renewal of agreements provided . . . . 

Award of Port Committee or Referee binding on both parties 

Breaking sea watches.. .. 

Carpenter's overtime . 

Carrying explosives as cargo . 

Cash allowance in lieu of vacation . 

Changes in manning scales, stewards 1 department. 

Cleaning bilges, overtime for. ...... . 

Cleaning tanks for liquid cargo, overtime for. 

Coffee time.. 

Computation of overtime... 

Continuous employment, what constitutes. 

Continuous service, conditions in re vacation. , . 

Crew quarters and equipment.. 

Deck department, special provisions relating to. 

Departure, when delayed, overtime allowed. 

Discrimination against employees for legitimate union 

activities prohibited . 

Division of wages of absent members of crew. 

• 

Docking and undocking, overtime for. . . . 

Donkey watch . . 

Donkey watch, overtime for . 

Duties of crew members... 

Effective dates of agreements. . . . 

Emergency work, overtime not paid for. 

Engine department, special provisions relating to. 

Establishment of Port Committees . 

Expenses of Port Committee... 

Expiration dates of agreements . 

Explosives listed in agreements. 

Explosives, when carried as cargo. . . 

Gangway watch, overtime for. 

Gangway or anchor watch.* • • 

Gasoline in lots of 1000 tons or over considered penalty 

cargo.*. 

Grievance procedures.". 

Grievances referred to Port Committee. 

Handling ballast, overtime for ... . 

Handling explosives as cargo, overtime for . 

Handling mail, autos, or cargo, overtime for . 

Handling mooring lines, overtime for . 

Hiring . ..... . 

Holidays observed. . . . ... • 


10 

43-46 

9 

11-14 

29-30 

8 

15 

23-25 

36 

49 

48 

51-52 

37-38 

40-41 

22 

30 

16 

48 

18 - 19 

21 - 25 ,28,33 
27 

14 

19 - 20 

35 

27 - 28 
18 

9 -10 

28 - 29 

21 - 25 , 28 - 29 ,3 1 * 

11-12 

13- 14 
9 -10 

49 

49 
39 

27 

50 

10-11 

11 

39 

48-49 

36 

40 

14- 17 
46-47 














































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Hours of work . 

Hours of work, deck and engine departments. 

Hours of work, general. 

Hours of work, stewards' department . 

Key to identification numbers used in analysis. 

Insurance to protect employer . 

Laying dunnage for cargo, overtime for. 

Lay-off in home port not allowed. 

Lifeboat arid fire drills, overtime not paid for. 

Longshore work by crew, overtime for. 

Materials listed as penalty cargo . 

No lockouts . 

Non-union employees must be replaced by union members . . . 

Non-union employees hired must join union . 

No strikes.. 

Obedience to authority... . . 

Over six months service, vacations provided . 

Overtime. 

Overtime, calling out watch below..., . 

Overtime outside regular hours (deck department). . . . , . 

Overtime outside regular hours (engine department). 

Overtime outside regular hours (stewards' department) . . . 

Overtime work in port... 

Quarters, allowance for . . . 

Painting and cleaning, overtime for . 

Payment of overtime.. 

Penalty cargo . 

Penalty cargo in lots of 1000 tons or over. 

Penalty overtime. 

Physical Examinations ......... < . 

Port Committee, grievances referred to. 

Port Committees, how constituted. 

Port security watches . 

Positions exempted from union membership provision. 

Preferential hiring . . . 

Rates of overtime pay ... . . 

Relieving for time off. 

Removing garbage or manure, overtime for. 

Renewal of agreements . 

Re-negotiation of wage scales ... . 

Replacements for men found unfit, etc., to be furnished 

by union.. . . . 

Reporting for duty. . 

Reporting for overtime work . 

Right of complaint as to men found unfit, etc., by employer 

Right of employer to reject men . 

Sea Watches - Port Time . 

Securing cargo on deck, overtime for. 

Securing cargo in hold, overtime for. 

Selection Board, to choose 7th member of Port Committee . . 


20-22 
21 x 
21 
21 

5-7 

19 

36 

16-17 

28-29 

42 

49-51 

8 

15 

15 
8 
18 
47 

28-34 

31 

52 

XX 

31-22 

47 

38-39 

31 

49-51 

50 

$4-43 

16 
11 
12 

53 
17 

14 

29 
52 
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8 
9 

15 
26 

30 

15-16 

15 

22-25 

37 
37 
12 


















































Setting sea watches . 

Securing vessel for sea . 

Shifting ship in inland waters, overtime for. . . 

Special Wartime Provisions. 

Stand-by wage rate for shoreside labor. ... . 

Standing referee. Port Committee. 

Stewards' department, special provisions relating to. . . . 

Strikes ana lockouts prohibited . 

Subsistence, allowance for. 

Time limits on arbitration. 

Time off to vote.. 

Transportation, allowance for . . . . 

Transportation, in course of employment ... 

Transportation, to port of shipment.. . . 

Transportation, when employment is terminated . 

Transiting canals, overtime for . 

Union delegates aboard ship . 

Union recognition.... . • 

Union representatives boarding ship . . . 

United States Conciliation Service to furnish arbiter for 

Port Committee . ......... 

Use of spray gun, overtime for... 

Vacations .... 

Workaways, transportation of... • 

Work on cargo gear, overtime for. .... .. 

Work on hatches, overtime for.... • 

Working rules . 


25-26 

18 

42-45 

51-54 

28 


12 

20-21,34-56,55 

8 

43 


13 

48 


43 - 46 

44 - 45 

47-44-45 

45 - 46 
40 

10-11 

8 

19 


12 


35 

47-48 

46 

39 

35-36 

18-19 



































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